Racism - Why is it Still a Problem and What Can We do to Stop it - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2170 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to divide and to destroy. It is the enemy of freedom, and deserves to be met head-on and stamped out,† (Pierre Berton). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racism Why is it Still a Problem and What Can We do to Stop it?" essay for you Create order Racism is discrimination against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior. Racism creates a divide in society which can affect many generations and still does. Jennifer Richeson, a Yale University social psychologist believes racism comes from what people see in their society and culture growing up. Richeson believes unless parents teach their kids not to be racist, they will be, and that racism simply comes from one’s environment. Racism can also come from ignorance according to author and social activist Kimberly Blaker. Blaker believes it is important to teach young children about diversity. Also reflecting the first cause, Blaker states, â€Å"Unfortunately, prejudice beliefs often stem from the home. So, advocates, teachers, and communities must take up the cause in teaching children to value diversity.† However, there are several physiological factors that cause racism, such as fear. Psychologist and political advisor Dr. Reneà © Carr says, â€Å"When one race of persons unconsciously feels fear in response to a different race group—fears that their own level of security, importance, or control is being threatened—they will develop these defensive thoughts and behaviors. They will create exaggerated and negative beliefs about the other race to justify their actions in [an] attempt to secure their own safety and survival.† Doctor Carr believes racism can simply be caused by feeling threatened and one’s brain makes up beliefs to secure their own safety. Racism has many negative effects on society, however as a society people can exterminate and prevent racism from further separation of communities. The three main effects of racism on our society are social tensions between not only different but same races, missed opportunity for minority races and distort ed perception of actions by minorities. One effect of racism is societal tensions within a society between not only different but same races. Michelle Singletray, a multiracial columnist for the Washington Post from Baltimore, Maryland describes the hardships she faced between her and her own family in her article titled, One of the Costs of Racism in American Society, â€Å"When I got a better job or bigger home, they (her family) tried to make me feel guilty about my success. And often I did feel bad.† Racism not only creates tension between other races, but within the same races. In Singletray’s case, her own family was not supportive of her higher goals. Agreeably, she believes the resentments such as the ones her family held dates to the days of slavery; slave holders would purposefully create tension among slaves by giving more luxurious privileges to lighter skinned slaves, therefore preventing unity. Racism also causes outside tension including things like race riots, like the ones in Baltimore in 201 5 and racial barriers like racial profiling, which only further separates minority and majority races. Racial profiling cripples our society severely as it is born out of purely negative stereotypes. Not only does racism cause tensions between same minority races, but also same majority races. Meghan Linsey is an American, country singer-songwriter that took a knee during the national anthem to stand up against the social injustices that have been occurring such as racism. According to Linsey, as she walked off the field, she got reactions ranging from some people in the crowd shouting thank you, to people booing her off the field. However, the tension that soon arose from her silent protest was threats against her life because she, a Caucasian woman from the south, would act against racism upsets them so much. The worst part of the entire experience for her was the people threatening simply for an act of free speech. But it is the same hate that so many other people in this country face simply because of the color of their skin daily. By taking a knee, she wasn’t protesting Am erica or the flag; Linsey was protesting for the people the flag also represents, minority races. Another effect of racism is missed opportunities for minority races. NBC published an article written by Andrew Arenge, Stephanie Perry and Dartunorro Clark on May 29, 2018 titled Poll: 64 Percent of Americans say racism remains a major problem. Paragraph three ends with, â€Å"72% of Americans think that racial discrimination against blacks is a serious problem.† Racism is a serious problem in American society because it creates a divide that makes it difficult for different races to coexists. Followed with the introduction to the fourth paragraph is, â€Å"Overall, a majority think white people benefit from advantages in society that black people do not have.† Especially in the workplace, there is a glass ceiling of sorts that prevents minorities from moving up to higher levels sometimes. Although, racism is not as big of a problem as it was 50 years ago, it is still showing its effects to this day. Most Americans see racism as a problem and it prevents not only Afric an American people but all minority people from moving up in society. They are kept at the same level they were born into, with little if any upward movement. This creates an ongoing cycle of poverty and overall loss of opportunities. This ongoing cycle of poverty and loss of opportunity can also lead to feels of anger and of disconnect from the rest of the world. On the United Nations’ website there’s an article posted called Vulnerable People, â€Å"Many people who live in extreme poverty are often also victims of discrimination on grounds such as birth, property, national and social origin, race, color and religion. Poverty is both a cause and a product of human rights violations. In 2001 the World Conference against Racism in Durban emphasized that poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion and economic disparities are closely associated with racism and contribute to the persistence of racist attitudes and practices which in turn generate more poverty.† In most societies people miss out on opportunities and basic rights just because of their skin color In certain places in the world there are disc riminatory laws by the government and practices by its people that deny people of minority races the right to work, adequate housing and good healthcare. A third effect of racism is a distorted perception of actions by minorities. Just as ideals of racism can be born out of fear, so can stereotypes which can affect the way actions by races of minority are seen. Sharon E. Watkins, a Christian minister, believes racism affects the way people react to others in situations. She gives the example of how people tend to perceive an action of a young white male and a young African American male. â€Å"Young white men smashing windows, overturning cars, and battling police after big athletic event are ‘revelers’ and ‘out-of-control fans.’ But a group of mostly African American youth who do similar things out of sorrow and rage that a young black man has died in police custody are dangerous ‘thugs.’† In this example, because a young African American was just born with a darker skin tone, his similar actions as a white male are seen as completely opposite. This leads to a cultural and societal divid e because not only does make the African American feel discriminated against, isolated form the rest of society and targeted, but it creates tensions between minorities and the law enforcement. As law enforcement punishes African Americans differently than white offenders, they tend to feel discriminated against and like they cannot trust the very people that are supposed to protect them. Not to mention the motives behind their actions are different, as the young black males in this situation are just trying to get the justice and attention to raise awareness about the injustices being served to them, but the young white males are simply doing it because they’re overly excited. Not only are actions perceived by the majority races by minorities seen differently than what are, but vice versa. As a society, people can take steps to change the point of view of members of society that were taught to believe other races are of lesser value to our society. Racism is taught, not genetics. Therefore, with that logic, it can also be taught that racism is wrong. However, the only way that will happen is if everyone, works toward it. In a fictional situation, if 80% of the world’s population works towards abolishing racism and healing the societal wounds racism has left, that 20% that for whatever reason isn’t helping solve this epidemic will cripple the entire movement. By not participating in this movement, it simply will not succeed worldwide and will most likely result in a rise of increase over time to only set society back to where it was in the beginning of the change, or even farther. The World Young Womens Christian Association (World YWCA) is a social movement working towards the empowerment of women, young women all around the world. They are working tirele ssly towards, â€Å"eliminating racism and empowering women.† The World Young Women’s Christian Association believes if people support anti-prejudice organizations, discourage stereotypical jokes or assumptions, and are educated about other people’s cultures, as a society there would no longer be the same racial tensions born out of fear and ignorance. Instead the youth of today, would see their community learning about each other and uniting and will soon follow. But how can this be done? I mean how can we, as a society, eliminate an idealism that has been part of cultures since before the 1500’s. It doesn’t matter if you are in volunteering, donating money or advocating for the discriminated against. By working with these anti-discrimination groups toward the same goal you and your community will see beneficial effects such as a decrease in racial discrimination behaviors because not only your voice, but the voices of the people you’re advocating for can make a big difference. Another way to work towards the elimination of racism is by discourage stereotypical jokes or assumptions and you can do that by standing up for the object of the joke and steering the conversation in another direction. Lastly, by educating oneself about other cultures the tolerance for them will be higher. A way to achieve that is by r esearching their culture, expanding social circles and eating the foods of their culture. Although these sound-like small steps to solve such a widely spread problem, with enough people participating racism will become a problem of the past. Although to many people racism is perceived as a problem, to some people, racism is not a problem or entirely doesn’t exist. There are people in society that believe if one is born a certain race, they should be treated a certain way, and should deal with the way they get treated because of it. To many people in modern society, that may sound like a regressive way of thinking, but to others, it is simply a way of life. Those people believe that they should not change their way of thinking. Just how people of minority races are just born that way, one could compare it to someone that was born into a wealthy family. Someone born into a wealthy family would have access to certain privileges, whereas someone born into a middle-class family would not have, like a housekeeper. On the contrary, people born as a minority race are born with certain obstacles, they have to overcome in order to succeed in life rather than privileges, and people believe it is something they just have to accept and live with. However, the difference of someone born into a wealthy family and someone born as a certain race is someone’s race cannot be changed. This comparison goes to show that the circumstances people are born into shouldn’t determine their life and the way they get treated. The three main effects of racism on our society are social tensions between same and different races, missed opportunity for minority races,and distorted perception of actions by minorities. Social tensions between same and different races occur within families and communities which can split not only societies but also families. Missed opportunity for minority races can cause negative tension between minority races and majority races, and it also creates an ongoing cycle of staying in the same societal and economic level. Lastly, distorted perception of actions by minorities can cause social tension as minorities aren’t given the same treatment as majorities. Racism causes tension in our society which prevents unity from ever occurring. As a society, if people support anti-prejudice organizations, discourage stereotypical jokes or assumptions, and are educated about other people’s cultures, there would no longer be the same racial tensions born out of fear and ignoranc e. These three things may be the solution to this problem. Wouldn’t it be nice to live in a world where racism and other discriminations were obsolete?

A music genre is a category of pieces of music that share...

A music genre is a category of pieces of music that share a certain style or â€Å"basic musical language† (van der Merwe 1989, p.3). The two articles that I will be comparing are â€Å"Genres, Subgenres, Sub-Subgenres and More† by Kembrew McLeod (2001) and â€Å"On the Value of Popular Music† by S. Firth (1996). Categorizing music is especially challenging when it comes to fitting it into sub genres. As we move through the ages, and technology and communication becomes more complex, newer and unique genres are emerging. At first glance the more specific subgenres cause dispute and thoughts of â€Å"hipster† emerge. Nonetheless, upon further inquiry, each of them makes cultural sense to be part of our ever-growing society. The two articles that I will be†¦show more content†¦This creates bias, as it is not the same with male artists. Nevertheless, he discusses it is not definite and that valid decisions in relation to popular music can be confusin g as preferences are subject to change Society tends to have emotional reaction to music as opposed to labeling which genre a song will entail. â€Å"It is genre rules which determine how musical forms are taken to convey meaning and value, which determine the aptness of different sorts of judgment which determine the competence of people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Firth.1996, p 95). He concludes by establishing that popular music affects both social and individual notions. McLeod, Kembrew (2001) in his article â€Å"Genres, Subgenres, Sub-Subgenres and More† identifies Firth’s opinion on how popular music and genres being constructed must be viewed with a â€Å"commercial/cultural process†. McLeod focusing mainly on the Electronic/Dance genre, makes an adamant claim that introduction of new subgenre names into electronic/dance music communities is equalled by no other type of music thus that genre has been the biggest growing. Like Firth (1996), McLeod projects the idea of gender in music implying women as the minority relative to genre. â€Å"The overwhelming majority of musical artists in the electronic/dance music scenes in the late 1980s and the 1990s were male. Men have been in important positionsShow MoreRelatedWhat Does Ethnomusicology Mean When They Say1390 Words   |  6 Pagesethnomusicology mean when they say, Music is universal, but it is not a universal language? What they mean is that music is found within every single civilization on the planet, no matter where you look; ergo universal. 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Special Education Essay Free Essays

To efficaciously speak about the consequence of ID’s in the schoolroom I thought who better to speak to than a instructor that has a schoolroom full of ID pupils. Ms. Tornetta Clark. We will write a custom essay sample on Special Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now she is an Intervention Specialist in a SED room for classs 1-4 depending upon age. We began our conversation with what lead her to go an Intervention Specialist? Ms. Clark stated that she had ever wanted to be a teacher even as a kid. so when she went to college she decided to go a instructor she started as an simple instructor and subsequently decided to acquire into particular instruction. As clip went on she learned that she enjoyed these kids even more than the others. it was more sweet. So now that we have broken the ice so to talk can you state me what some of the jobs associated with measuring the kids with ID may be? Tornetta asked me which group of kids would I wish to discourse. the culturally diverse. gender particular. the psychological these are all type of ID kids and different types of appraisals. so where would you like to get down? I thought that it would be best for her to state me about the most hard one and she choose culturally diverse pupils. Ms. Clark states that when covering with the minorities there are extra beds of complexness to see particularly if the kid is of another ethnicity than the individual that is making the appraisal. Ms. Clark besides states that she prefers to make the bulk of her appraisals on her ain merely because she has been making this for a long clip and that she has worked with several different ethnicities. Having worked with the different ethnicities I have the upper manus and a kid can experience when they are understood or when person is pacifying them. In my many old ages of learning I have besides realized that kids can experience when person truly understands them and attentions. In my schoolroom we start the forenoon off by stating good forenoon to everyone by name and so we each can remain one thing that happened last dark or over the weekend or merely something that they may desire to portion each kid gets two proceedingss and we have a timer to guarantee everyone acquire choice clip. This is besides something that works good on their societal accomplishments. Now every bit far as the appraisal on the psychological side most of these trial and appraisals are done in the clinic or with the healer. now there have been an juncture or two where I have sat in and I have even administered the appraisal. However the same jobs still exist these trial demand to be tailored to each kid and they are non they are standard which in my sentiment is pathetic each kid is different so each kid should be tested otherwise. Now I asked about gender specific proving but I have merely ran across that twice in my many old ages of instruction. nevertheless it does be and as pedagogues we need to be able to cover with it and go on to tech and keep our categories. There are or at least it used to be several instructors that were homophobic and thought that school is no topographic point for a child’s sexual penchant to come out or even to be discussed. Now in the schools we see it mundane boys keeping custodies with other male childs and misss making the same so therefore it has to be addressed. it can non be slid under the rug any longer. This is something that as pedagogues we besides need to be able to cover with particularly in our SED categories. these child need more unfastened treatments so that they do experience that they are being included. Our kids have a inclination to acquire picked on and so they end up feeling as if no 1 understands them and they begin to contemplate self-destruction. as pedagogues it is our occupation to make our best to discourage those types of feelings and to promote a kid to be true to who they think they are and to non judge others for being different. We attempted to acquire back to the interview with on last inquiry and that was. what are the features of the teacher’s pupils with ID that consequence in eligibility for particular instruction? Ms. Clark informed that the bulk of the pupils that go through some kind of proving do non acquire into a particular instruction plan. However there are grounds for that in some instances it is because the parents do non force and maintain up with the assignments every bit good as follow through with what they need to make every bit far as information that may be needed to acquire a kid into a plan and doctors’ assignments. the letter’s from the doctor’s. There are all kinds of grounds and so there are specific plans that some parents would wish to see their kid in. but there is a waiting list or there is another plan that is comparable but the parent is loath. Besides some parent’s may non desire their kid labeled as a particular instruction pupil so they are in denial. And last but non lest so there are the vicinity schools that are full and there are no exclusions to be made so that the kid can remain with their siblings. this besides goes into the transit kingdom of the jobs as good. some territories offer transit to kids but if there are siblings they can non have transit so parents do non desire their kids separated and that is undrstandbale in most instances. Clark tells me that she feels that if one kid attends the school in the particular instruction plan so the siblings should go to that school every bit good and they should have transit as good. This would likely maintain down some of the confusion on the coachs anyhow. particularly if there is an older sibling that can watch out for the younger 1s. This is how we were raised the oldest ever looked out for the younger 1s and made certain that everyone was home safe when ma and pa got in from work. I think that we need to acquire back to the slogan that it takes a small town to raise a kid and if we did so the school system and the communities would be a better topographic point. After speaking with Ms. Clark I thought about how I raised my kids and she was right when she said that it takes a small town to raise a kid. I was a individual parent for several old ages and I had six kids two were in the particular instruction plan at the vicinity school. I took them to school and my female parent picked them up from school. The neighbour watched them as they would come in the house and have snack a start their prep until I got place from work. I did the same for her on the weekends when she worked and she besides had a kid that was particular demands and we made it work if the school called and I was unable to travel she would travel and frailty versa. The point is that as parents and pedagogues we need to work together to allow our young person know that they are loved and that they are traveling to be taken attention of non merely in the schools but at place every bit good. Mentions Clark. Tornetta: Intervention Specialist. 2013 Personal conversation. June 20. How to cite Special Education Essay, Essay examples

Infidelity and the Science of Cheating Essay Example For Students

Infidelity and the Science of Cheating Essay This a Review from an article in Newsweek 12-30-96 written by Sharon Begley Infidelity and the Science of Cheating Essay Through research psychologists and other researchers have claimed that sexual infidelity effects both men and women differently. In addition, their beliefs on sexual infidelity differ. There have been many theories about the occurrence of infidelity, and most researchers have different opinions about these theories. Researchers from the article Infidelity and the Science of Cheating, written by Sharon Begley, have asked the following question to different ethnic groups of all ages and of both sexes: what distresses them more, emotional infidelity or sexual betrayal? The results were women find emotional infidelity more disturbing than men do, and men find sexual betrayal more disturbing than women do. These results varied slightly depending on how the question was asked, but the ratio remained almost the same. Researchers found that men and women have different beliefs on sexual infidelity. Women believe that men think that love implies sex more often then sex implies love (59), and men believe that women think that sex implies love about as strong as love implies sex (59). The difference researchers explain is that there is an existence of a jealousy gender gap. In order to explain what causes the jealousy between genders scientists are now creating tests to prove whether the minds ability to reason, rather than genes, can explain the jealousy gender gap (59). Scientists theories differ on the science of sexual infidelity. Some scientists use a theory referred to as my genes made me think it (58). This theory proposes that jealousy is triggered depending on our genes being passed down from Neanderthal days. Evolutionary psychologists argue that the jealousy gender gap is a legacy to humankinds past, and these genes shape how we think feel and act. These psychologists believe the reason why men go crazy over adultery is because it is embedded into their genes. This bothers men because they can never be sure of paternity. For example, if a woman strays from her partner there are possibilities she could become impregnated. Hence, her partner would be supporting another mans child. Another theory scientists offer to explain sexual infidelity looks at reasonable differences between the sexes in how they interpret evidence of infidelity (58). This may explain the gender gap. This means that a man thinks that a woman will only have sex when she is in love, and if she has sex with someone else she loves him too. So, as Sharon Begley states, sexual infidelity means emotional infidelity as well (58). However, men also believe that a woman can also have an emotionally intimate, non-sexual relationship with another man. This is what university psychologists call a double shot (59) of infidelity. Therefore, sexual infidelity is more threatening to either men or women than simply emotional infidelity. Sharon Begley believes that women are evolutionary programmed to become more distressed at emotional infidelity than sexual infidelity (58). She believes this because women notice that men having sex are not necessarily in love, and that men do not form emotional attachments easily. On the other hand, if a man becomes emotionally involved with the other woman, their relationship may be jeopardized. He may desert his first wife. Consequently, it would be difficult for his first wife to bring up her children as a single parent. This article was written to help educate our society on how men and women feel about infidelity by providing the reader with statistics and beliefs of both sexes. In addition, supplying the reader with comments and theories from psychologists, scientists, and researchers helps the reader develop an understanding of the difference of opinions on the same subject by those who study our societies. Sharon Begley explains, in an unbiased way, how men and women feel about the subject of infidelity and their beliefs. It has been proven that men are more bothered by sexual infidelity and women are more bothered by emotional infidelity. She points out that a man feels that a woman will only have sex if she is in love, and a woman feels a man having sex is not necessarily in love. For this reason adultery bothers a woman less .

U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke Essay Example For Students

U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke Essay U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In a darkened room at Torontos Hospital forSickChildren, a baby, its head dotted with electrodes, sits in itsmothers lap and watches flashing black and white checkerboardsand stripes on a television screen. Soon after the test, doctorswill know if the child can see and how well it can see. The testing procedure, which involves measuring brain waveactivity prompted by visual stimuli (also called visual evokedpotentials or VEPs) has been perfected by Drs. Barry Skarf ofthe Department of Ophthalmology and Moshe Eizenman of U of TsInstituteTheir procedure is more accurate than tests used elsewherebecause Eizenman has developed a novel,real-time computerprogram to extract brain wave responses from extremely smallpatterns (similar in size to the bottom line of a standard eyetest) which produce much more reliable results.Until now,doctors would have to extrapolate the babys ability to seesmall stimuli from test results using large stimuli. In Effect,Dr. We will write a custom essay on U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Eizenman has developed a way of looking at brain waves thatis more sensitive than methods previously available, saysSkarf.At the HSC,VEPs are used in a number of clinicalapplications:to determine whether avisualproblemiscognitive; to assess whether babies who dont appear to see wellwill see better in the future;to determine a course oftreatment for such problems in which one eye turns in or isweaker than the other eye. The second aspect of the researcherswork involves the development of a stimulator for stereopsis, orbinocular vision, which is the fusing of images from both eyesinto one picture that has depth.The problem with testingbinocular vision, explains Skarf,is that most stimulipresented to young children have other cues that can be seenwith one eye alone. We wanted to devise stimuli that can only beseen by both eyes together and would produce specific brainwaves to the stimuli.Based on a binocular stimulus invented by an Americanresearcher, Eizenman had developed a stimulus that generates apattern on a tv screen which looks like distortion (a snowstorm) when viewed with only one eye, but when viewed throughspecial glasses with both eyes emits a distinctive three-dimensional pattern.Skarf and Eizenman are now testing binocular VEPs onyoung children. They are examining children with normal sightand evaluating eye function in children with visual disorders. This is the first test of binocular vision to be carried outwith large numbers. Using this binocular stimulus with the verysensitive detector system for analyzing responses,we hope tohave a system which will allow us to test binocular vision inyoung babies, quickly and easily, and to measure responses in abetter way than before.In addition to this clinical research, Skarf now wants todirect his attention to some basic research questions about thedevelopment of vision. We are interested in more than justdeveloping tools. We want to know how binocular vision developsand which factors interfere with development. We want to findout what wheels turn in the brain to produce lazy eyes andimpaired binocular vision. Skarf and Eizenman receive funding from the MedicalResearch Council of Canada. CONTACT:Barry Skarf(416)598-6133Moshe Eizenman (416)978-5523

The Politcal Correctness problem essays

The Politcal Correctness problem essays Political correctness, a concept originally meant to protect minorities and the under represented and thus strengthen the country, has in todays America become no more than a necessary evil and catalyst for the cult of ethnicity. In theory political correctness sounds like a very reasonable idea and when looked at very shallowly this remains the case. When it is more thoroughly looked at thought it dangers become more and more apparent. By creating a set of correct terminology and assigning each ethnic background a name that separates them from the main culture of America we run the risk of further exaggerating the potentially volatile situation created by the cult of ethnicity in the country today. So a balance between extreme political correctness that drives groups apart and a complete lack of social regulation as to what is acceptable, that causes groups of people to be oppressed, must be reached. Note not all aspects of political correctness are as potentially corrosive as those that pertain to race and ethnicity; some, such as those which are used for gender related issues and handicaps to name a few, are helpful while other terms, which there are to many to list, are downright comical. Words can and have been used to harm and oppress people and races in this country and abroad. America has long been a melting pot for various ethnicities and taking the good with the bad has also experienced many different waves of racism. Before this century, and more accurately before the civil rights movement, many ethnicities, and African-Americans in particular, were held down by highly negatively loaded language. From the time of slavery African-Americans where held down by various words that today hold such engrained meanings and are so hate charged that mentioning them even for analytical purposes in this essay would be risky. Later on new groups got exposed to these types of words as Irish, Italian and w ...

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers Research Paper - 1

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers - Research Paper Example It is for this reason that the acquisition of global leadership is being considered as a salient feature in business success both at the national and international levels and private and public sectors. 1. Discussing the Responsible Party for Producing Global Leaders The human resources (HR) department is the party with the responsibility to produce global leaders. This is because, it is the HR department that can and should plan, designate, train and also provide compensation plans for engagements with international personnel. The HR department can also make arrangements to have an organisation be able to handle global differences among countries which affect organisational decisions. Apart from extending its recruitment drives to an international market, it is also true that it is the HR department which can persuade a rigid and conservative management into accepting recruitment drives to be made a multinational affair. 2. The Possible Ramifications of Not Having Global Leaders The failure to have global leaders within an organisation is likely to inhibit the organisation’s chances for broadening its opportunities to an international level. This is because the presence of global leaders will help the HR department and managers understand the principles and practices that prevail in the global markets. At the same time, the absence of global leaders in an organisation will not help the locals in a foreign market identify with the organization. This is because, organizations which have their rank and file coming from the mother country are almost always deemed as foreign corporate entities. This is to the effect that if an organisation fails to mingle its personnel with people from different races, religion or country, then the same organisation is likely to carry state-specific stigma. This may inhibit the speed and ease with which the organisation is to penetrate the market and get legally registered. Again, the same failure and subsequent stigma will help cripple the organisation’s volume of sales and stunt its market share (Griffiths, 137). 3. Roche’s Perspectives Program Based on the O’Toole chapter on public policy, the possible changes that can be made in the U.S. to encourage companies to become global leaders must include and take cognisance of the Perspectives Global Accelerated Talent Development Programme (PGATDP). This will portend, the targeting of individuals who are passionate about bringing significant contributions to their industry, but are still at a nascent stage of career development. This will also elicit the need for the factoring and use of experiential learning and development on these talented young professionals. At the same time, the US government and American businesses should work closely to craft new, more effective and broader global networks. Similarly, there should be the rejuvenation of employee exchange and transfer programmes, with emphasis being placed on the aforementione d young employees. This will help these young employees to build broader global networks, experience different areas of entrepreneurship, gain experience on how to manage different networks and accrue skills that will be needful for the advancement of one’s career. The US government can then in turn take to extend business incentives to organisations that practice the PGATDP programme (Griffiths, 137). It may also be imperative for the US government to expand its education, training and community development

A critical evaluation of the methodology approach contained within a Assignment

A critical evaluation of the methodology approach contained within a journal article of student's own choosing( related to education) ---1000 words - Assignment Example The survey showed that schools welcomed the idea of partnership and collaboration with other organizations and individuals offering support services. However, they were not short of challenges as expected especially in engaging mainstream schools in collaboration concerning sharing facilities. The article has utilized an analytical approach to study the educational partnerships between schools and service providers. It has laid out the methods used to get the data and all those involved in details. It has also gone ahead and assessed the results of the findings enabling the author to inform the reader of the similarities across educational institutions in England. The article has also pointed out the advantages of partnerships and the challenges faced by the special schools in attaining their objectives. However, the author fails to offer informed solutions to the bottlenecks faced. Instead, she refers greatly to the Green Paper as a way out. Overall, the strengths of the article outweigh the weaknesses. In the research, only four institutions were interviewed. The author admits that small school faced most of the challenges due to their size. It would have been appropriate to interview two small schools and two large schools. This would have given a more realistic picture on the state of partnerships among schools (Rose, 2012). In the contrary, readers have a biased notion of the state of affairs among educational institutions in England due to the sampling method used in the research (Lawson, Waite, & Robertson, 2005). Therefore, the audience cannot tell the extent of the challenges faced by large special institutions. The purpose of a study is to gather facts, make assessments, and provide possible solutions based on the finding. This article does not provide much headway to reduce the challenges faced by the special institutions. In addition, the author does not provide convincing argument concerning organizations seek partnership. Unpredictably, the paper

Robots Memorandum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Robots Memorandum - Assignment Example Of recent are the scientists and researchers from Harvard University who designed a construction crew of infinitesimal robots that have ability to construct complex structures without any external aid. It is realizable that the designation of the robots took four years. Scientists and robotics researchers are exploring ways of integrating the aspect of swarm intelligence from the termites into the robots to permit large groups of simple robots to team up. In this context, each robot is expected to work independently however, at the end they build something together. The scientists apply this intelligence. The robotics researchers and scientists used simple laws attributed to the termite’s behaviour to programme the robots. The laws enable the robots to act free of human sense of intelligence from a non- centralized location or point of view. The scientists propose complex programming and coding of the robots to increase the intelligence of collaboration, accuracy and speed of working. As an example, a robot swam has an ability to construct form-bricked castles, towers and pyramids. The structure of the robots involves a height of 8 inches and width of 4.5 inches, with a pinwheel shaped tires. An infrared sensor, accelerator and an ultrasound sensor are equipped in each robot to help in responding to the dynamism of the surrounding. The robots have ability to sense and correct a mistake. The robot walk independently around the building severally to ensure that everything that needs to be done has been done. There are numerous thoughts of making the robots more efficient and less costly in terms of their construction. Numerous researchers have come up with diverse opinions on the materials to be used and the level of integrity they should possess. For the purposes of understanding the kind of material and the cost in

Strategies to Control Exposure to Harmful Substances

Strategies to Control Exposure to Harmful Substances Control of exposure to substances harmful to health by the UK government was first implemented during the late 19th century (Piney 2001). Today, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) assessments are used to address the risk associated with chemicals and how they may be used safely. This report considers three cleaning products which are used on a daily basis in the office environment in which I work: Freshline Bleach, Lifeguard 3 Way Toilet Cleaner and Mr Muscle Professional Kitchen Cleaner. COSHH assessments for these products are included in Appendix I. 1. Chemicals used in office cleaning products and the processes involving these products The three cleaning products assessed in this report contain a number of different chemicals. The components of each of these products are listed in Table 1, together with their toxicity, targets organs/organ systems and the recommended occupational exposure limits for these chemicals. The main targets organs for the chemicals in these products are the eyes and skin but the respiratory and digestive systems may also be affected if these products are inhaled or ingested. Freshline Bleach is used for general cleaning and disinfecting purposes. In the office, it is used dilute for cleaning floors (e.g. corridors and toilet floors). A working solution is typically prepared in a mop bucket using tap water for dilution and the floors mopped. At the end of the procedure, the dilute solution is emptied down the drain and both mop bucket and mop rinsed in clean tap water. This bleach is also used neat for cleaning toilets and drains into which it is poured straight from the 5 litre container. Lifeguard 3 Way Toilet Cleaner is a cleaner, disinfectant and deodorizer that is used in the office to remove limescale and uric acid deposits on toilet bowls and urinals. The product is typically poured neat into the toilet bowl/urinal from the 1 litre container. Mr Muscle Professional Kitchen Cleaner is a cleaning spray used to clean all kitchen work surfaces, utensils and other equipment. This is sprayed neat onto surfaces and then wiped off using a disposable cloth. 2. Potential hazards for workers during handling of chemicals The COSHH assessment included in Appendix I identifies the risk associated with the chemicals in each of the three cleaning products. There is the potential for all workers (both cleaning staff and office workers) to be exposed to these chemicals in the workplace. Cleaning staff are at the greatest risk of exposure at they will be handling the concentrated products. There is a risk of splashback from the bleach and toilet cleaner when pouring this into the toilet. There is also the potential for individuals to come into contact with undiluted chemicals during disposal of empty containers. Workers using bleach may inhale vapour if this is used in a poorly-ventilated area. If cleaning cloths are used for multipurposes with a variety of different cleaning products without being properly rinsed between uses, there is also the potential for reactions to take place between chemicals in the different products which could be hazardous for workers. For example, if bleach comes into contact with acid, toxic gas may be liberated which could then be inhaled. There is also the potential for chemical reactions to take place if different cleaning products are used together, e.g. when cleaning toilets. 3. Monitoring workplace exposure and minimising the risk of exposure The COSHH assessment identified Freshline Bleach and Lifeguard 3 Way Toilet Cleaner as medium hazards and Mr Muscle Professional Kitchen Cleaner as low hazard. For both the bleach and toilet cleaner in particular, it is essential that correct safety precautions are taken during the handling, use and disposal of these products. Monitoring workplace exposure to the chemicals in these products is difficult and levels of exposure cannot be measured qualitatively. Regular inspections of the office kitchen and toilets will detect spillages that have not been cleaned up thoroughly which could mean workers are exposed to higher than normal levels of concentrated products. Keeping a record of the quantities of each product used (e.g. by asking staff to complete a log when they take a new container) would provide an indicator of the amounts being used within the office as a whole on a monthly/annual basis which may provide some indicator of occupational exposure levels. There is a designated health and safety officer within the office but regular inspections are not conducted and no formal training sessions are held to ensure that new staff joining the company are familiarised with correct office safety procedures. A number of measures can be taken to minimise the risk of exposure. The COSHH assessments for all chemicals should be kept in a place where they can be found easily and all workers should familiarise themselves with these assessments and be aware of first aid measures and correct procedures for cleaning up spillages and disposal of solid waste. Training sessions for staff should be arranged if necessary. All workers using cleaning products must wear suitable personal protective equipment as detailed in the COSHH assessment (e.g. eye protection when working with concentrated toilet cleaner and eye protection, PVC/rubber gloves and protective overalls when working with concentrated bleach). Regular inspections would monitor whether correct working procedures are being followed and written reports from each inspection would provide a record over time. In case of spillage of concentrated bleach or toilet cleaner on clothing, bags should be available to contain the soiled article(s) of clothing to send for cleaning and these should be clearly labelled with the hazard. PVC or rubber gloves should be replaced regularly and should be rinsed well with water if they have come into contact with concentrated solutions of bleach or toilet cleaner ensuring that no door handles or other surfaces are touched and contaminated with concentrated product. All spillages should be cleaned up thoroughly to minimise the risk of workers exposure to concentrated product and both spilt product and any solid waste associated with the spillage disposed of safely. The risk of splashing is reduced by using spray containers (as in the case of Mr Muscle Professional Kitchen Cleaner), rather than the larger bottles or containers which hold the bleach and toilet cleaner, and less of the product is likely to be used with these types of containers. If concentrated bleach or toilet cleaner is spilt on toilet seats, it is important that this is cleaned up thoroughly to minimise the risk of skin contact. In all cases where concentrated bleach has been used in sinks, this should be rinsed thoroughly with copious amounts of water to reduce the risk of workers’ exposure and also to ensure safe disposal of the product. Previously, cleaning staff used to clean the office in the early evening when many staff were still working. This meant that neat bleach or toilet cleaner would be poured into toilet bowls or urinals and workers may then wish to use them, which significantly increased the likelihood of exposure to concentrated products. We have now req uested that cleaning staff work later in the evening two nights per week when staff have already left and it is only on these occasions that the toilets are cleaned. Cloths used for cleaning the kitchen should be rinsed thoroughly at the end of each use and not left where workers or even food could come into contact with concentrated products. Empty containers should be rinsed out well with water before disposal and the top of the container should be replaced to minimise the risk of individuals (i.e. office workers or waste disposal workers) coming into contact with undiluted chemicals. Products should be used in a well-ventilated area, particularly in the case of bleach. The office kitchen is poorly ventilated and has no windows that can be opened but the windows in the toilets can be opened before using products in these areas. Correct storage of products will minimise the risk of workers’ exposure to chemicals. These products should ideally be stored in a locked storage area for which only suitable trained staff have access, and all products stored in original, closed containers, kept upright, in a cool place away from direct sunlight. 4. Plan of action for improvement An audit showed that many staff were not aware of the risks from chemicals in cleaning products used in this office and that correct procedures for their safe use, disposal and storage were not being followed. Following this, a number of new measures have been, or will be, implemented. Training sessions have been arranged for all existing office staff to ensure they are familiar with COSHH assessments and safety procedures and these will be repeated when new staff join the company. Ensuring cleaning staff are correctly trained poses a greater challenge as these staff are recruited from an external agency who are responsible for their own training and quality control; however, the health and safety officer has worked with this agency to ensure that staff are familiar with safety procedures. No sand or other inert absorbable material was available in the office in case of large spillages. This has now been obtained and all staff are familiar with where this is stored. A small, lockable cupboard was previously used for storing cleaning products but this was sometimes left unlocked. Furthermore, containers of kitchen cleaner were left in the cupboard under the sink in the kitchen close to where clean crockery is stored, and toilet cleaner was also frequently left in toilet cubicles. The COSHH assessment identified that Lifeguard 3 Way Toilet Cleaner should be kept away from chlorine-releasing agents and sodium hypochlorite; therefore bleach and toilet cleaner should not be stored together in the same cupboard as there is a risk that they may come into contact (e.g. in case of spillage). A second, lockable cupboard suitable for the storage of these chemicals will be purchased with one month and the two products stored separately. Staff will be trained to ensure that no products are left lying around in the kitchen or toilet areas and are returned to the storage area after each use, which should always be kept locked. The disposable cloths used for cleaning the kitchen were previously being rinsed with water after use, left to dry and re-used. In order to minimise the risk of exposure of office staff to the cleaning product, these cloths will now be disposed of after a single use. Protective overalls worn by cleaning staff will be washed on a weekly basis and PVC/rubber gloves changed regularly. Regular inspections are now carried out by the office health and safety officer on a monthly basis to ensure correct procedures are being followed. Conclusions Everyday cleaning products used in the office can pose a potential hazard to workers. It is therefore important that COSHH assessments are performed to assess the risk posed by the chemicals contained within these products. All workers should be aware of the correct procedures for the safe handling, use and disposal of these chemicals and should take the necessary precautions to minimise their risk of exposure (e.g. through use of personal protective equipment where appropriate). Reference list Health and Safety Executive 2007. List of approved workplace exposure limits. Retrieved 26th September 2008 from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/table1.pdf Piney, M. 2001, ‘OELs and the effective control of exposure to substances hazardous to health in the UK (version 3)’. Retrieved 26th September 2008 from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/oel.pdf The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory 2008, Chemical and other safety information. Oxford University. Retrieved 26th September 2008 from: http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk Bibliography Health and Safety Executive 2008. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health – COSHH. Retrieved 26th September 2008 from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/ Health and Safety Executive 2008. COSHH: A brief guide to the regulations. Retrieved 26th September 2008 from: http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg136.pdf Table 1. Chemicals used in office cleaning products: toxicity, target organs and recommended exposure limits (Health and Safety Executive 2007). Assessment Reference: Date:26th July 2008 Review Date: 25th July 2009 1) Assessor Details [Client: please complete Section 1] 2) Process Description [Client: I’ve included all three products in one assessment – you may prefer to put each on a separate COSHH assessment pro forma] [Client: the codes for both risk phrases and safety phrases are standard for COSHH assessments and were taken from The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University website, accessed from: http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/] 3) Specific Considerations 4) Hazard Category I have familiarised myself with the risks created and safe working practices during the use and handling of chemicals. I shall adhere to COSHH regulations and safe laboratory practices as explained to me during the COSHH assessment. Signature: Date:

Research on Marijuana Essay -- Papers Argumentative Weed Essays

Research on Marijuana Everyone believes Marijuana is a gateway drug. However, some people think it is not because they believe they will not use anything else. If we do not fide some form of way to get rid of this drug or if we make it legal our future generations will suffer. As of now our brains get affected. A solution would be to find away to get rid of this drug and not to make it legal. Marijuana has been around for centuries now and it still grows in use. People say it is good for the body because it helps the body fight of disease and many other things like pain. Marijuana is a very powerful drug and it is believed that it is a gateway drug. This simply means that once your tolerance is so high you will look towards other drugs so that you can get the same feeling as when you first started using marijuana. I know that there is no evidence of such a thing happening but I do believe this is the drug that helps you look toward other drugs. I?ve heard of stories in my high school that kids have tried other drugs because of this one drug they started with. ...

Mobile Ip

Checkpoint – Current State of Mobile IP Lori J. Babler IT241 September 29, 2011 Richard Pierce Checkpoint – Current State of Mobile IP After completing some internet research on Mobile IP, I discovered that it is currently being used in situations where a Mobile Network is required. A Mobile Network is a completely wireless network in which its devices are continuously moving and never really in one particular place. A completely Mobile Network requires that the devices within it have two simultaneous IP Addresses one of which is used for local networking off of the local router and another which is used when roaming into other networks. The obvious advantage to this technology is that mobile devices can have continuous connection with the internet or a mobile network without any interruption of service. The disadvantage that I felt was important is that the foreign IP address hosts must be configured as such (GANGULY, 2009). I feel that what is holding Mobile IP back is the fact that this technology is not seen by the user it isn’t knowledge to the user. Only the network administrators or engineers are aware of the configuration required to implement this technology. I also feel that because the foreign IP Hosts require configuration to become Mobile IP that there is a lapse in its popularity. Another strong reason is that the technology is still being perfected (GANGULY, 2009) and once that occurs I feel it will boom. I do think that this technology will become a standard for mobile computing eventually but just as with all technology, society needs to catch up with it first. Reference GANGULY, K. (2009). The Study of Mobile IP Retrieved from www. cs. wichita. edu/~chang/lecture/cs843/project/†¦ /kg-mobile_ip. do†¦

Reading Motivation - Activities for Elementary Students

Reading Motivation - Activities for Elementary Students Teachers are always looking for ways to boost their students reading motivation. Research confirms that a childs motivation is the key factor in successful reading. You may have noticed students in your classroom who are struggling readers, tend to have a lack of motivation and do not like to partake in book-related activities. These students may have trouble selecting appropriate texts, and therefore do not like to read for pleasure. To help motivate these struggling readers, focus on strategies that will help spark their interest and boost their self-esteem. Here are five ideas and activities to increase your students reading motivation and encourage them to get into books. Book Bingo Motivate students to read a variety of books by playing Book Bingo. Give each student a blank bingo board and have them fill in the squares with some of the suggested phrases: I read a mystery bookI read a funny bookI read a biographyI read an animal storyI read a book about friendship Students can also fill in the blanks with I read a book by..., or I read a book about... Once they have their bingo board labeled, explain to them that in order to cross off a square, they must have met the reading challenge that was written(Have students write the title and author of each book they read on the back of the board). Once the student gets bingo, reward them with a classroom privilege or a new book. Read and Review A great way to make a reluctant reader feel special, and motivate them to want to read, is by asking them to review a new book for the class library. Have the student write a brief description of the plot, main characters, and what he/she thought of the book. Then have the student share his/her review with their classmates. Thematic Book Bags A fun way for younger students to boost their reading motivation is to create a thematic book bag. Each week, select five students to be chosen to take home a book bag and complete the assignment thats in the bag. Inside each bag, place a book with theme-related contents in it. For example, place a Curious George book, a stuffed monkey, a follow-up activity about monkeys, and a journal for the student to review the book in the bag. Once the student returns the book bag have them share their review and activity that they completed at home. Lunch Bunch A great way to pique your students interest in reading is to create a reading lunch bunch group. Each week select up to five students to participate in a special reading group. This entire group must read the same book, and on a determined day, the group will meet for lunch to discuss the book and share what they thought about it. Character Questions Encourage the most reluctant readers to read by having them answer character questions. In the reading center, post a variety of character pictures from the stories your students are currently reading. Under each photo, write Who am I? and leave space for children to fill in their answers. Once the student identifies the character, they must share more information about them. Another way to do this activity is to replace the photograph of the character with subtle hints. For example His best friend is a man in a yellow hat. (Curious George). Additional Ideas Enlist parents to come in and be a mystery reader.Participate in the Pizza Hut Book-It program.Have a Read-a-Thon.Pair students together with a book buddy.Play Name That Book where students have to guess the title of the book you just read to them.

Arts and Literature essays

Arts and Literature essays Art, Literature and Society from 1955-1970 Fear and Loathing in a Clockwork Age Ah! The noble search for identity. That intangible achievement that all artists lust after and lay in torment over. And during the post war era that struggle reached incredible magnitudes. The world cried out for legions of anti-heroes, who were only virtuous in their unapologetic and brutally honest lack of virtue. And the art world provided as many counter culture messiahs as was needed to "Damn the Man". The Beats, hippies, and punks are evidence that behind the white picket fence of suburbia lay an America that wanted more out of life than the sugar coated portrayals of domesticity and patriotism it received from pop culture. The unfortunate side of authenticity often lead to the conclusion that autonomy was an impossible dream and that just mere existence required an individual to compromise his integrity. The post-war generation developed an interesting love-hate relationship with the mass culture of its time. Some, like Andy Warhol, embraced the inevitability of mass cultural ization in order to control the beast (yes, this is a reference to Revelations). While others recognized the American Dream as being a hypocrisy and so chose the Golden Eternity instead. The Beat generation and early hippies sought to separate themselves from mainstream society where they believed they could start anew and fully experience life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The flower child philosophy was in fact very Transcendental, minus the stuffy New England mentality. The sexual, spiritual, and intellectual freedom and autonomy that characterized the Haight-Ashberry scene were closer to the Whitmanesque ideal than anything achieved during his life time. Postwar America was extremely prosperous from the stand point of the middle class white suburbanite. The only problem was that not everyone fit that mold. And even those who were born into that envir ...

Japan Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan Civilization - Essay Example rpretation of culture and history, the Tokugawa period was unique with regards to the way in which Edo-art, theater developed, and government sponsored and supported arts flourished during this time. Firstly, with regards to art during this particular period, it is something of a deviation from traditional Japanese art; yet, at the same time, it was a movement that sought to re-integrate an understanding and appreciation for the most traditional aspects of Japanese culture. Whereas the arts were not officially supported by the government prior to this period, the Tokugawa period saw a time in Japanese history in which landholders were the ones that were ultimately the pinnacle of society. Within such an interpretation, these landholders had to shoulder the majority of the tax burden. As such, once these taxes were received by the government, artists were supported, at least in small part by the proceeds of these taxes. In such a way, it comes as little surprise that the portraits and etchings that they engaged invariably were concentric upon the subject matter of harvesting, planting, and the manual labor that is oftentimes evidenced in fields or on farms. As a result of the growth of wealth derived from a thriving merchant culture, a desire for amusement was born within Tokugawa society. One of the most prominent outgrowths of this desire for amusement is with regards to the theater that came to such a level of prominence during this period of Japanese history known as the Kabuki (Nenzy 12). Within this theater, lavish displays of passion, costumes, and intrigue were represented directly to a new class of people who had grown as a direct result of the policies and constraints that the shogun had encouraged by the development and evolution of this â€Å"new† society. Many have argued that no other aspect of culture represents the Tokugawa era better than the Edo woodblock images that were churned out in such volume during these times. These images would,

The concept of first mover advantage is widely used in gametheoretical Essay

The concept of first mover advantage is widely used in gametheoretical models and international trade theories. Discuss it in th - Essay Example A perfect example of first movers includes companies such as, Coca-cola and eBay, who were the first companies to enter their respective market. Where Coca-cola was first company to produce cola and made their products available to the public in 1886, eBay was the first company to introduce the auction process online in 1995. Both these companies have been a recurrent powerhouse in their respective industries ever since they were founded. It has been witnessed very often that first movers are generally pursued by competitors who try to capitalize on the original company’s success, brand value and recognition. They try and acquire the market that has already been penetrated by the first moving company (Poulsen, 2007). The competitors try and bring about certain modifications and improvements in their product line and make them available to the public in order to market their products, as being better than the products offered by the first moving company. However, by the time th e competitors lay their foundation in the already penetrated market, the first mover has already accumulated huge market share, customer loyalty, satisfaction and expertise in this particular field of work, which is required to stay at the pinnacle (Markides and Sosa, 2013). ... One of the crucial characteristics as far predicting the second mover’s reaction is concerned, is the second mover’s payoff function. First mover advantage is associated with pioneering products that benefit from advantages attained from a long-term market share. In addition to that, they also enjoy advantages in distribution of those products, the improved product-line, breadth, and quality (Chen and Pereira, 1999). First mover advantages are characterized by a pioneering firm’s ability to earn positive economic profits (profits in excess of the cost of capital). First mover advantages transpire endogenously within multi-stage process (Lieberman and Montgomery, 2002). The multi stage process is depicted in figure 1. The first stage involves the generation of an asymmetry that enables a particular company to gain competitive advantage over the rival companies. This opportunity to make the first move is a result of the firm’s possession of some unique infor mation sources or foresight or may be simply out of luck. Once this asymmetry is established, a firm may be able to exploit its advantageous position by following variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms thereby enhance the durability and magnitude of the first mover profits. Figure 1: Endogenous generation of first mover advantages (Source: Lieberman and Montgomery, 2002) Game theory Game theory is the process of modelling the strategic interaction between two or more players in a situation containing set rules and outcomes (Heap and Varoufakis, 2004). While used in a number of disciplines, game theory is most notably used as a tool within the study of economics. The economic application of game theory can be a valuable tool to aid the fundamental